The ‘internal protection alternative’ (IPA) is a limit on refugee status used to exclude claimants with access to adequate protection somewhere within their countries of origin. A reflection on refugee law’s ‘surrogate’ role, which states use to justify IPA practice.

It might surprise some that Norway, normally viewed as a human rights stalwart, is at the forefront of efforts to push the boundaries of refugee law in a restrictive direction. A case study on Norway and the internal protection alternative (IPA).

A reflection on the future of humanitarian studies, as part of the re-launch of the Norwegian Centre of Humanitarian Studies (NCHS) in 2019.